II.H.Animal Production with Grazing Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
             
            II.H.1.Continuous and Rotational Grazing  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
            II.H.2.Variable Nutrition with Rotational Grazing . . . . . . . . .  38
            II.H.3.Rotational Grazing for High and Low Production
              per Animal  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
            II.H.4.Strip Grazing, Green Chip, Hay, and Silage . . . . . . . . .  42
            II.H.5.Creep Grazing and Creep Feeding  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
            II.H.6.Conclusions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
             
            II.I.Nutritional needs of Ruminants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
             
            II.I.1.Nutritional Needs of Beef Cows with Nursing
              Calves  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
             
                  II.I.1.1.Milk from Damn Not Adequate for Calves . . . . . . .  45
                  II.I.1.2.Good Calf Gains with Limited Feed for 
                    Cows  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
                  II.I.1.3.Efficiency in Converting Forage to Calf
                    Production  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
             
            II.I.2.Nutritional Needs of Ruminants and Horses Differ . . . . . .  48
            
                  II.J.Hay and Silage Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
                         
            II.J.1.Perennial Grasses and Legumes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
            II.J.2.Wilted Silage and Animal Production  . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
            II.J.3.Corn Silage, A High Energy Forage  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  52
            II.J.4.Sorghum and Small Grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  55
                         
                  II.J.4.1.Sorghum Silage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  56
                  II.J.4.2.Small Grains for Silage  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  57
                         
            II.J.5.High Energy and High Protein Silage Rations  . . . . . . . .  58
            II.J.6. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61
            
                  III.Models of Forage-Animal Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . .  63
             
              III.A.Characteristics of Good Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  63 
  
              III.B.A Forage System for Breeding Herds  . . . . . . . . . . . .  64
              III.C.A System with Perennial Grasses and Legumes . . . . . . . .  64
              III.D.Systems with Annual and Perennial Forages . . . . . . . . .  65
              III.E.Twelve-Month Grazing Systems for Raising 
                    Calves  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  65
             
            III.E.1.Forage-Animal Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  65
                        
                  III.E.1.1.System A:Bluegrass-White Clover and
                    Alfalfa Orchardgrass  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  65
                  III.E.1.2.System B:Bluegrass-White Clover and
                    Tall Fescue-Red Clover  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  66
                  III.E.1.3.System C:Tall Fescue with Legumes . . . . . . . . .  67
             
            III.E.2.Health of Cows and Calves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  67
            III.E.3.Calf Gains and Weaning Weights  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  67
            III.E.4.Performance of Cows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  68
                                                 
                  III.E.4.1.Calving Percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  68
                  III.E.4.2.Liveweights of Cows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  68
                                     
            III.E.5.Winter vs. Fall Calving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  69
                                     
                  III.E.5.1.Cows  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  69
                  III.E.5.2.Calves  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  69
                        
            III.E.6.Profit, Other Attributes, and Conclusions . . . . . . . . .  70 
        
            III.E.7.Details on Managing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  70
        
                  III.E.7.1.Forage System A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  70
                  III.E.7.2.Forage System B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  71
                  III.E.7.3.Forage System C: A Fescue System  . . . . . . . . .  72